كلوزابكس25

12.1 Mechanism of Action The mechanism of action of clozapine is unknown. However, it has been proposed that the therapeutic efficacy of Clozapine ODT in schizophrenia is mediated through antagonism of the dopamine type 2 (D 2 ) and the serotonin type 2A (5-HT 2A ) receptors. Clozapine also acts as an antagonist at adrenergic, cholinergic, histaminergic and other dopaminergic and serotonergic receptors.

Clozapine orally disintegrating tablets (Clozapine ODT) is an atypical antipsychotic indicated for: Treatment of severely ill patients with schizophrenia who fail to respond adequately to standard antipsychotic treatment. Because of the risks of severe neutropenia and of seizure associated with its use, Clozapine ODT should be used only in patients who have failed to respond adequately to standard antipsychotic treatment ( 1.1 ) Reducing the risk of recurrent suicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who are judged to be at chronic risk for re-experiencing suicidal behavior ( 1.2 ) 1.1 Treatment-resistant Schizophrenia Clozapine Orally Disintegrating Tablets (Clozapine ODT) are indicated for the treatment of severely ill patients with schizophrenia who fail to respond adequately to standard antipsychotic treatment. Because of the risks of severe neutropenia and of seizure associated with their use, Clozapine ODT should be used only in patients who have failed to respond adequately to standard antipsychotic treatment [see (5.1 , 5.4) ]. The effectiveness of Clozapine ODT in treatment-resistant schizophrenia was demonstrated in a 6-week, randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study comparing Clozapine ODT and chlorpromazine in patients who had failed other antipsychotics [see Clinical Studies (14.1) ]. 1.2 Reduction in the Risk of Recurrent Suicidal Behavior in Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder Clozapine ODT is indicated for reducing the risk of recurrent suicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder who are judged to be at chronic risk for re-experiencing suicidal behavior, based on history and recent clinical state. Suicidal behavior refers to actions by a patient that put him/herself at risk for death. The effectiveness of Clozapine ODT in reducing the risk of recurrent suicidal behavior was demonstrated over a two-year treatment period in the InterSePT™ trial [see Clinical Studies (14.2) ] .

Recommended starting oral dosage is 12.5 mg once daily or twice daily. ( 2.2 ) If well-tolerated, increase the total daily dosage in increments of 25 mg to 50 mg per day at target dosage of 150 mg to 225 mg twice per day by the end of two weeks. ( 2.2 ) Subsequently may increase the doage in increments up to 100 mg, once or twice weekly. ( 2.2 ) Maximum daily dosage is 450 mg twice daily. ( 2.2 ) Administer with or without food. Clozapine ODT may be allowed to disintegrate or chewed, and may be taken with or without water. See additional administration instructions in the full prescribing information. ( 2.2 ) See dosage modification based on ANC results. ( 2.3 , 2.4 ) See recommendations for discontinuing Clozapine ODT treatment ( 2.5 ), restarting Clozapine ODT after interrupting dosing (2.6), dosage modifications for ( 2.7 ), dosage recommendations in patients with renal or hepatic impairment and CYP2D6 poor metabolizers ( 2.8 ) in the full prescribing information. Tablets rapidly disintegrate after placement in the mouth and may be chewed if desired. No water is needed. ( 2.2 ) 2.1 Absolute Neutrophil Count Testing Prior to Clozapine ODT Initiation Prior to initiating Clozapine ODT treatment, obtain a baseline absolute neutrophil count (ANC). Clozapine ODT initiation is not recommended in patients with an ANC less than 1500/µL [see (5.1) ] . For patients with documented Benign Ethnic Neutropenia (BEN) (also known as Duffy-null associated neutrophil count)), obtain at least two baseline ANC levels. Clozapine ODT initiation is not recommended in patients with BEN with an ANC less than 1000/µL [see (5.1) ] . For dosage modifications based on ANC results, see (2.3 , 2.4) . 2.2 Recommended Recommended Dosage To reduce the risk of orthostatic hypotension, bradycardia, and syncope, the recommended starting dosage is much lower than the target dosage [see (5.2) ] . The recommended starting oral dosage of Clozapine ODT is 12.5 mg once or twice daily. If well-tolerated, increase the total daily dose in increments of 25 mg to 50 mg per day to achieve a target dosage of 150 mg to 225 mg twice per day by the end of two weeks. Subsequently, may increase the dosage in increments of up to 100 mg once weekly or twice weekly. The maximum recommended Clozapine ODT oral dosage is 450 mg twice daily....

The following are discussed in more detail in other sections of the labeling: Severe Neutropenia [see (5.1) ] Orthostatic Hypotension, Bradycardia, and Syncope [see (5.2) ] Falls [see (5.3) ] Seizures [see (5.4) ] Myocarditis, Pericarditis, Cardiomyopathy, and Mitral Valve Incompetence [see (5.5) ] Increased Mortality in Elderly Patients with Dementia-Related Psychosis [see (5.6) ] Gastrointestinal Hypomotility with Severe Complications [see (5.7) ] Eosinophilia [see (5.8) ] QT Interval Prolongation [see (5.9) ] Metabolic Changes (Hyperglycemia and Diabetes Mellitus, Dyslipidemia, and Weight Gain) [see (5.10) ] Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome [see (5.11) ] Hepatotoxicity [see (5.12) ] Fever [see (5.13) ] Pulmonary Embolism [see (5.14) ] Anticholinergic Toxicity [see (5.15) ] Interference with Cognitive and Motor Performance [see (5.16) ] Tardive Dyskinesia [see (5.17) ] Patients with Phenylketonuria [see (5.18) ] Cerebrovascular [see (5.19) ] Recurrence of Psychosis and Cholinergic Rebound after Abrupt Discontinuation [see (5.20) ] Most common (≥ 5%) were: CNS reactions (sedation, dizziness/vertigo, headache, and tremor); cardiovascular reactions (tachycardia, hypotension, and syncope); autonomic nervous system reactions (hypersalivation, sweating, dry mouth, and visual disturbances); gastrointestinal reactions (constipation and nausea); and fever. ( 6.1 ) To report SUSPECTED , contact Mylan at 1-877-446-3679 (1-877-4-INFO-RX) or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch. 6.1 Clinical Trials Experience Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice. The most commonly reported (≥ 5%) across clozapine clinical trials were: CNS reactions, including sedation, dizziness/vertigo, headache, and tremor; cardiovascular reactions, including tachycardia, hypotension, and syncope; autonomic nervous system reactions, including hypersalivation, sweating, dry mouth, and visual disturbances; gastrointestinal reactions, including constipation and nausea; and fever. Table 9 summarizes the most commonly reported (≥ 5%) in clozapine-treated patients (compared to chlorpromazine-treated patients) in the pivotal, 6-week, controlled trial in treatment-resistant schizophrenia....

Clozapine ODT is contraindicated in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to clozapine (e.g., photosensitivity, vasculitis, erythema multiforme, or Stevens-Johnson Syndrome) or any other component of Clozapine ODT [see (6.2) ] . Known hypersensitivity to clozapine or any other component of Clozapine ODT ( 4 )